The history of Beidaihe
Beidaihe has a long history. As far as back in Neolithic age, early peoples lived and multiplied in this land. In Shang and Zhou dynasties, Beidaihe belonged to Guzhu State; In 664 B.C., Guzhu State made an end and then Beidaihe belonged to Yan State. In Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of China, it dominated by Yan State. In the time of the emperor of Qin dynasty Zheng¡¯s dominant(in 222 B.C.), the general named Wangben via Beidaihe launch an offensive to Liaodong and capture Xi the king of Yan State, Yan State was to its end.
In the first Qin Dynasty 32nd year (215B.C.), the emperor fifth patrolled the Tablet Stone which in the Jinshanzui Zhuxinggong nowdays. In the period of Gaozu Dynasty 13th year (206-204B.C.), the area of the Beidaihe Lianfeng Mountain and Jinshanzui has became one of three naval ports in Bohai Sea maritime space coast. 110 B.C., emperor of Han dynasty seeked Beidaihe reach the Tablet Stone in April after east patrol, and he built ¡°Han Wu Tai¡±. The fall of 207, after Caocao conquered the Wuhuan in north, he backed to his army camp along the liaoxi Corridor. When he approached Linyu ancient stone tablet, he written an article named "View Sea". The time of Sui dynasty in A.D.612, the ministry of rite Yangxuangan and some others are ordered to supervise
transportation of the military provisions fleets starts from Taiyuancang, Luokoucang and Liyang and etc. places, along Yellow River, the Yongji ditch enters Bo Sea bend severally via Linyuguan transfer to the view sea station of Bailangshui river seaport. In the Zhenguan time 19th yea (the A.D. 645), Emperor Taitsung of Tang drafted Korea by himself in September and withdraw troops, in October they entered the Linyu get ways and Inscribed Stones on the stone tablet for record merit next to the Han emperor. To the Song and Jin times, because of the Jieshi harbor located between Song and Liao States, its influence by the war and the maritime restriction which adapted by Song State, the shipping is scarcely day by day. In 1173, the traditional marine transportation in Jieshi port was abolished. The time of Yuan Dynasty 15 years (in 1278), the emperor levied upon 9,000 people cut the trees from hills and temples and graves to build ships in Pingluan. In the spring of the 20 years of the Yuan Dynasty, due to the distance between the place where built ships and Pingluan was too great to transport, so they moved to the border between Yang Estuary and Dai Estuary two areas. In 1392 to 1393, the Jieshi Port navigated again. To adopt the plan of shipping the commissariat from South and to shorten voyage, Zhuqing and some people changed and set up new ocean shipping route early or late. Sailing from Chongming Island northward to Yang Estuary and Dai Estuary directly in spring and summer, and the port that desolated in Jin and Liao Dynasties was activity again. In 1372, Yang Estuary and Dai Estuary were to be the martial transportation havens again and in 1380, Jjeshi Port has appeared passenger transportation. In 1381, the Jinshan Protection established to belong to Mountain and Sea Protection, and garrisoned by naval. The 7 years of Jiajing¡¯s time (in 1528), when Qupeng the minister of the troop was demoted and back hometown, he step on the Jinshanzui and indited ¡°Sea mouth sail¡±. In Shunzhi 13 years (in 1656), the ruler funded South Sea Camp that instituted defends in the main seaport, it controlled by Shanhailu and guarded by Tianjin Naval, it east from Old Faucet and west to Dai Estuary, and the coast spread forts and abutments. In 1737,the Shanhai protection was abolished to institute Linyu county that also contained Beidaihe. From May 22 1841, within more than ten days, three warships of English carried the soldiers in the seaport of Qinhuangdao and Jinshanzui cruise or anchor, and frequently activity that ten hours per day. In 1870, Jinshanzui was draw into the nautical chart of the French naval after the them investigated the Jinshanzui. In 1893, the English engineer Kinda discover the beautiful scenery of Beidaihe and tide here was slowly and sand was soft also, when he perambulated the route for constructed the railway between Tianjin and Linyu two areas. He thought Beidaihe is the best place for the sea bathing in, and he publicized widely when he backed to Tianjin, then some foreigners came in admiration of its fame. The February in 1896, the majordomo of Kaiping ore office Zhangji entrusted by government to dispatch his English employee Bauer and so on reviewed the Qinhuangdao Port¡¯s history and prospect for hydrology and geography situations along Qinhuangdao, the Yang Estuary, the Dai Estuary and then selected the working place. In the same year, the English missionary Edward accelerated to capture the military camp land in Lianfeng Mountain; he built a villa in the Jiguan Mountain and changed its name to Ganlin Mountain. Subsequently, countries such as England, French, Russia and America entered Beidaihe to capture and rush purchase the farmland for building churches, villas, they scheduled to misappropriate it to theirselves and made it a colonizer¡¯s paradise in the north part of China. In 1898, with survey by Liminchen, Wangxiuzhi and Zhouxuexi, who came from Tianjin customs department, candidation department and Kaiping ore office accredited by the Northern Warlords, the Qing government delimited the east of the river to the Jinshanzui coast and within three Chinese miles areas to be the summer vacation area officially, the Chinese and foreigners are permitted to live together with different nationalities. English missionary Baleen, American Biyage and Dongboli set up ¡°shiling organization¡±, and occupied some lands to spread religion and intervenes the administration. In may 1990, the Eight-Power Allied Force started to invade China in a large scale, they killed and burnt in the Beidaihe coast and constructed a military railroad leaded up to the Beidaihe Station for annexing the seashore for a long time. In 1916, the Traffic Manager of Northern Government Zhuqijin came to Beidaihe at first time for preparing to found a self-governing society. In 1917, the lateral from Beidaihe to the seashore established by the Beining railroad bureau for facilitate the Chinese and foreign tourist to travel the Beidaihe summer vacation. Every year lateral is opened to traffic from May 1to October 30 and each big station sells the tour ticket for traveling Beidaihe seashore. July in 1918, Zhuqijin began to summon the Chinese celebrities who spent their summer holiday in the seashore to organized ¡°the local self-government public welfare meeting¡±, and elected Liangshiyi as the president and Zhuqijin as the chairperson next year. They constituted the commonweal regulation in the same year, its objective was protection sovereignty, the plan municipal administration, manages administration of matters concerned the summer vacation area.
In 1919, the public welfare delimited 133 acres land to build Lotus Flower Rock Park. In the park, there constructed stadium, golf course and the racecourse and so on. In the common year, the first, second and the third public bathing place were built, and facilitates of Beidaihe has begun to taken shape. In 1920, by the center of English, American and Germany established ¡°Dongshan Organization¡±, which was set up for western artificial expansion aggression. In 1921, the department of Beijing government air service organized the Pingdai aircraft skyway, fatherly solved the personnel transportation problem. In the seashore also has the human-drawn cart, donkey for rent. Because of the convenience traffic, the number of tourists came to Beidaihe for traveling was steadily on the increase. In 1932, the Beidaihe summer vacation area changed to the Beidaihe autonomous region and set up the autonomous region government office. On April 16 in 1933, the Japanese seized Qinhuangdao, and then Beidaihe enter and sink into the enemy¡¯s hands. In 1934, the Beidaihe coastal autonomous region with marked off Linyu county implemented officially. In May 1935, the Japanese military police corps invaded the Beidaihe Coast. The Bacninh railroad bureau constructed a guesthouse that the first guesthouse, which Beidaihe specially served for the tourism, did its business throughout the year. In 1936, the Beidaihe coastal autonomous region changed the Beidaihe Coastal Scenic Spot. In 1937, Beidaihe was published in "Folk Daily" of Beijing, "New People's Daily" of Tianjin, and ¡°Wenham Daily" of Shanghai to introduce the villa, the traveling scenery and the facility in Beidaihe. In 1938, it was printed and published in the "Seashore Guide" brochure by the seashore scenery administrative bureau to conduct a tour for the tourists.
In September 1945, when Japan surrendered, the Kuomintang take-over the Beidaihe coast and established the Beidaihe coastal administrative bureau that subordinated to Hebei Province. On November 26 in 1948, Beidaihe liberated its territory. On December 15, the people's government of Qinyu city has been established and it controlled the seashore area. On August 13, 1953, seashore area¡¯s administration bureau was changed to the Qinhuangdao seashore regional people's government. On February 15 of 1954, the seashore area was changed to the Beidaihe area.
|
